In France, the estimated number of new cases of vaginal cancer in 2018 was 162. Key points: 5-year age-standardized net survival rate of 45% for cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015; 5-year net survival decreases with age: 78% for women aged 40, 27% for those aged 80; Excess mortality remains high during the 5 years following diagnosis, particularly for women aged 80.