Prison is a cause of illness and death; it is a place of regression, despair, self-harm, and suicide; here are a few excerpts from the opinion of the National Consultative Ethics Committee published on December 8, 2006, which illustrate—through the specific context of prison—that health is not merely a matter of individual responsibility but that powerful determinants influence its improvement and, in this case, its deterioration. Given this, why provide health education in prisons when institutional improvements remain minimal? The analysis proposed by Éric Farges, a doctoral student in political science and author of a study on health education in prisons, shows that while for practitioners, the duty to “act” takes precedence regarding the health situation of inmates, the practice of health education in prison also appears to be a matter of “professional identity.”