Living near an industrial hub is a concern for local residents in terms of the potential impact on their health. This paper focuses on the health indicators to be studied in the vicinity of major French industrial hubs, combining two approaches: a literature review and an analysis of data from area-based studies.Respiratory diseases and cancers (malignant hematological diseases, solid tumors of the lung, liver, and respiratory tract) thus appear to be the most frequently studied health effects, followed by cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases, as well as perinatal indicators and, more specifically, congenital malformations.Nevertheless, French health databases have limitations that prevent a reliable and comprehensive estimate of some of the identified indicators. These initial findings should be considered with a view to establishing epidemiological surveillance around major French industrial regions.