Monitoring of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has grown significantly since the 2000s. This has made it possible to document, in a standardized manner, this major public health issue in France and internationally. Currently, in France, just under one in five children is overweight, with 3 to 4% of them being obese. As is the case in other developed countries, these rates have stabilized during the 2000s, placing France among a group of countries whose situation appears to be relatively favorable. Nevertheless, these figures also mask significant disparities, particularly across social groups, and the number of children affected remains too high, even as treatment outcomes are often inconclusive. The implementation of preventive measures therefore remains a priority.