Introduction: The pilot phase of the Coset-MSA cohort study made it possible to assess, among working individuals enrolled in the Mutualité sociale agricole (MSA) in five departments, the prevalence of depressive symptoms according to sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, and to describe exposure to psychosocial occupational factors and the prevalence of depressive symptoms according to these exposures.Method: Participants in the pilot phase of the Coset-MSA cohort were recruited in five departments through random selection from the MSA’s databases and invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The analysis sample included individuals who reported at least one occupational activity in 2010 (whether employed or self-employed). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was calculated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and exposure to occupational psychosocial factors was measured using the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was described according to occupational exposure to effort, reward, and the effort-reward ratio as measured by the ERI questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among employees was 14.7% (95% CI: [11.8–17.6]) among men and 21.2% [17.1–25.4] among women; among the self-employed, it was 13.6% [10.5–16.8] among men and 19.1% [13.0–25.2] among women. Among employed men, the prevalence of depressive symptoms increased significantly with age. Among men regardless of employment status (employed or not) and among employed women, exposure to higher effort, a higher effort-to-reward ratio, or lower rewards was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms.Discussion and Conclusion: This study sheds new light on the prevalence of depressive symptoms and exposure to psychosocial workplace factors among MSA-affiliated workers in five departments in 2010. These findings will be further explored using data from the national expansion of the Coset-MSA cohort, for which recruitment was completed in 2018.