Drawing on the main points of the report—published by the High Committee on Public Health—which assesses the health status of the French population and identifies twenty-one priorities, the author discusses the role that health promotion and health education must play within a public health policy framework, for which the report proposes a framework law. Faced with the sharp increase in demand for care and the recognition of the healthcare system’s limitations in meeting this demand, health promotion and health education can, by addressing individual and collective behavioral determinants, improve the quality of life for the general population—but especially for vulnerable population groups who receive less support from the healthcare system and preventive care.