Health screenings in preschool enable early detection, but in the absence of a national protocol, their implementation and epidemiological analysis vary from one department in the Hauts-de-France region to another, as shown by a study conducted in that region. The study highlights their undeniable value: more than 20,000 children are referred to healthcare professionals each year. It also highlights the need to standardize tools, practices, and data collection and analysis to ensure equitable and effective prevention and to adjust public policies for early childhood.