As part of an action plan on back pain launched by the Rhône-Alpes College of Health Education Associations (CRAES), the Rhône Departmental Association for Health Education (ADES) formed a working group on back pain among schoolchildren. The focus areas are: training and awareness-raising for teachers and school health professionals, raising awareness among children, analyzing the existing literature, and examining school furniture. This article discusses the socio-historical context of school furniture and an experiment conducted in four departments involving 300 students aged 10–12 to determine the impact of ergonomic school furniture. The furniture tested and the experimental protocol are described. The results focus on teachers’ perceptions of the two types of furniture and children’s assessments regarding aesthetics, comfort, and the fatigue and pain they experienced.