According to the World Health Organization (WHO), noncommunicable diseases account for 87% of deaths in France. These are primarily cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory conditions, and diabetes. However, up to 80% of heart disease, strokes, and type 2 diabetes, and more than a third of cancers could be prevented by eliminating common risk factors. These risk factors are primarily smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol use. Of course, these are lifestyle habits that often take shape as early as childhood and become established over the course of a lifetime, not just after age 55. However, a better understanding of these lifestyle habits after age 55 can help us better grasp their impact on quality of life and life expectancy. Aging, accompanied by physical, psychological, and social changes, can make older adults more vulnerable. In the face of this vulnerability, addictive behaviors may emerge or intensify, sometimes linked to a loss of independence, multiple health conditions, loneliness, separation, or isolation. Alcohol, tobacco, and psychotropic medications are the three psychoactive substances most commonly used among people aged 60 to 75. Although it has not yet been extensively studied for these age groups in France, excessive gambling is also identified as an addiction among older adults. Two types of users were identified in a 2010 literature review on psychoactive substance use among older adults: those for whom addictive behavior is long-standing and who have survived the consequences of this use; and those for whom psychoactive substance use began more recently, often following negative and anxiety-inducing events. This chapter provides recent data on addictive behaviors among people aged 55 to 85, focusing primarily on tobacco and alcohol use. It then outlines the factors associated with these addictive behaviors. To streamline the interview, questions regarding cannabis use were asked only of those aged 55–64, and those regarding gambling were asked only of those aged 55–75. The use of psychotropic medications is discussed in the chapter on mental health. [chapter excerpt]