The pandemic—due to the duration and scope of social restrictions and the resulting constraints—may have had an impact on mental health, particularly on suicide attempts. In this context, Santé publique France compared hospitalizations for suicide attempts (HTS) in 2020 and during the first half of 2021 with those of previous years. These were analyzed by age group, sex, and method used in the suicide attempt. All short-term stays in French public and private facilities for individuals aged 10 and older who were hospitalized between January 2, 2017, and May 31, 2021, due to a suicide attempt were included. In 2020, the estimated rate of suicide attempts across all age groups was 13.3 per 10,000, compared to 14.8 in 2019 and 15.2 in 2018. During the first lockdown, HTS rates were lower than the average observed between 2017 and 2019 for all genders, with the exception of men aged 75 and older. These rates remained lower for people aged 35 to 85. However, they gradually increased among young people aged 11 to 24, eventually becoming significantly higher than the 2017–19 average after the second lockdown (and as early as the second lockdown for girls aged 10 to 14). The use of violent behavior thus appears to be more frequent regardless of age. These results are consistent with those of other indicators and highlight ongoing psychological distress at the end of the observation period among adolescents and young adults, who appear to have been particularly affected by the social and economic upheavals caused by the health crisis. Regular monitoring of the “hospitalizations for suicide attempts” indicator is essential as part of the epidemiological surveillance system for mental health, particularly among adolescents and young adults, in the future.