Problem Statement. Despite significant media coverage of asbestos-related issues, 40% of patients with mesothelioma reportedly do not file a claim for occupational disease, even though they were exposed to asbestos in the workplace. The objective of this study is therefore to identify the various factors in the patient’s care pathway that influence the reporting of occupational disease (DMP). In particular, it aims to test the hypothesis that DMP reporting is linked to social class and educational level. Method. A quantitative study based on the registry of the National Mesothelioma Surveillance Program (PNSM) analyzed the social determinants of underreporting. A qualitative study was then conducted in the same department: ten patients with suspected mesothelioma were interviewed. The collected data underwent thematic content analysis to identify individual motivations, barriers, and factors promoting the reporting of occupational diseases. Results. Statistical analyses show that the lower the educational level, the more likely patients are to report their occupational disease. Thus, blue-collar workers are more likely to report their illness than white-collar workers. Interviews with patients diagnosed with mesothelioma may help suggest possible explanations for these results. The physician is often the one who initiates the occupational disease claim process: they provide information about the possible link to the patient’s previous occupation, explain the procedure to follow, and encourage patients who are battling their illness and rarely wish to be recognized as victims. The physician plays a key role in encouraging patients to file a claim, regardless of their social background, and may be more likely to identify an occupational disease among blue-collar workers. Conclusion. These results help put into perspective the complexity of the reporting process or patients’ low educational levels as the primary causes of underreporting of occupational diseases. If physicians were to identify potential occupational diseases and provide appropriate information to all affected patients, this would help combat disparities in underreporting more effectively.