Key Points

• In 2025, the increase in the number of reported cases continued, with a 53% rise compared to 2024 (which had already seen cases nearly double). Since mandatory reporting of TBE has been in effect since 2021, epidemiological trends for these infections should be interpreted with caution
• The observed increase could be explained by two main factors: a real increase in incidence, and enhanced surveillance, including better understanding of the disease combined with more systematic diagnostic testing and improved reporting practices.
• A human case was identified with probable transmission in Lozère, a department that had never previously recorded a case but is located on the edge of the known area of viral circulation. Surveillance must continue to study the evolution of seasonal and geographic trends in infections and, if necessary, adapt national vaccination recommendations.