Surveillance for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika is based on mandatory reporting. During the active season of mosquito vectors, this surveillance is intensified through awareness-raising among healthcare professionals, automated transmission of results from Eurofins and Cerba laboratories, and investigations of each case. This system aims to prevent and control transmission outbreaks within the region, in collaboration with the Regional Health Agencies (ARS) and mosquito control operators (see surveillance system and partners)

The chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, specifically Aedes albopictus (or the tiger mosquito) in mainland France. Aedes albopictus is considered the most invasive mosquito species in the world. Native to Southeast Asia, it has spread from east to west through commercial transport. It has been established in southern France since 2004 and has been gradually expanding ever since.

By early 2025, 81 departments were colonized by the Aedes albopictus vector mosquito (out of the 96 metropolitan departments).