Vaccination coverage among young children is estimated using health certificates, through a collaborative effort involving general practitioners, departmental Maternal and Child Health (PMI) services, the Directorate for Research, Studies, Evaluation, and Statistics (Drees), and the Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS). Here we present estimates calculated from health certificate data for the 24th month of 2004 through 2007 (children born between 2002 and 2005). In 2004, two data collection methods were used: collection of aggregated data by department on the one hand, and individual data on the other. Depending on the year, 64 to 74 departments submitted their individual data, representing between 26% and 36% of births. Coverage rates for diphtheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were stable and high (approximately 90% for three doses plus a booster). Coverage rates for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and hepatitis B were increasing. They stood at 90% for MMR coverage and 42% for hepatitis B coverage in 2007. BCG coverage declined to 78.2% in the same year. The determinants of measles vaccination coverage were studied using logistic regression. Coverage was higher in Île-de-France and the French overseas departments (DOMs) compared to other geographic areas (excluding the Paris Basin) (p < 10⁻³), as well as among children whose health certificate was completed at a maternal and child health clinic (PMI) or at a location other than a private medical practice (p = 10⁻³). The estimates obtained in 2004 using the two data collection methods are generally consistent. Despite their increase, MMR and hepatitis B coverage rates remain insufficient relative to public health objectives. The health certificate is a valuable tool that enables accurate estimates and analyses at the departmental level. However, participation and the timeliness of data availability should be improved. (R.A.)