The Île-de-France region is the hardest-hit, with an incidence rate of 27.1 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002. Foreign nationals aged 15 to 39 constitute the primary at-risk group, with an incidence that is both high (approximately 100 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) and has been rising sharply since 1997. Several strategies must be developed: improving coordination among the various services involved in tuberculosis control; treating all recent infections in adults, as is already done for children under 15; and improving treatment adherence. Tuberculosis has been a notifiable disease (D.O.) since 1964. Epidemiological data since that date show a continuous decline in incidence at the national level through the 1990s, with incidence rates falling by a factor of four over 20 years. A slowdown in this decline was then observed before incidence stabilized in 1997. However, this apparent stabilization of incidence at the national level is merely the result of contrasting situations involving very different regions and population subgroups, which epidemiological surveillance makes it possible to characterize. Thus, the Île-de-France region still has the highest incidence. Similarly, migrants from countries with high prevalence, homeless individuals, and people in situations of economic and social vulnerability constitute populations at particularly high risk. Furthermore, the dynamics of the tuberculosis epidemic in these populations have become a cause for concern, with a recent increase in the number of cases. In this context, this article aims to provide an overview of the evolution of tuberculosis epidemiology in France and the current situation.