Introduction. Since 1995, no data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in prisons have been published in France, and no evaluation of systematic screening upon admission has been conducted. This study contributes to a better understanding of this disease, its screening, and its treatment in the remand centers of the Île-de-France region. Materials and Methods. A prospective study was conducted in the nine pretrial detention centers in the Île-de-France region from July 1, 2005, to June 30, 2006. Results. Of the 22,450 individuals incarcerated during this period, 26 cases of tuberculosis were identified. The prevalence of tuberculosis in these facilities is 106.9 per 100,000 inmates. This prevalence has decreased by more than half over the past 10 years. The diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis patients in prison are carried out in accordance with best clinical practices. However, most patients are lost to follow-up after their release. Systematic screening via chest X-ray performed on all individuals entering from the general population suffers from numerous shortcomings, with screening rates varying from 58% to 99% depending on the detention center. Only half of the inmates received screening within the timeframes stipulated by regulations. Discussion-Conclusion. Closer coordination between healthcare teams within prisons and tuberculosis control teams in the general population—specifically involving medical and social consultations by the latter with inmates with tuberculosis—should improve screening for each individual case and follow-up upon release from prison. (R.A.)