Since 1964, tuberculosis has been a notifiable disease. Since then, surveillance data show a continuous decline in incidence at the national level through 1997, with incidence rates falling by a factor of six over 30 years (Figure 1). Since 1997, incidence has remained stable, at nearly 10 new cases per 100,000 people per year. However, this stabilization in incidence observed at the national level actually masks a particularly dire situation among the populations most at risk, notably migrants from countries with high prevalence, for whom incidence has increased significantly since 1997, particularly in the Île-de-France region and in Paris. To better describe the epidemiological situation and at-risk groups, reporting criteria and the information collected were modified as of January 1, 2003: health and social care professions, homelessness (SDF), and year of arrival in France for individuals born abroad. In addition, tuberculosis infections in children under 15 years of age must also be reported. In this context, this article provides an overview of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in France in 2003. (R.A.)