The data presented here pertain to cases of active tuberculosis reported in 2007 under the mandatory tuberculosis reporting system. In 2007, the number of reported cases of active tuberculosis in France was 5,588 (or 8.9 cases per 105 inhabitants). As in previous years, the reporting rate is higher in the Île-de-France region and in French Guiana, as well as among homeless individuals, people born in sub-Saharan Africa, and, more generally, those born abroad who have recently arrived in France. Compared to 2006, the number of cases increased by 5% in 2007, whereas it had been steadily declining until then. This increase, even if it appears to be at least partly linked to improved reporting completeness, along with the persistence of high risks in certain populations, calls for vigilance. In this context, efforts must continue to further improve epidemiological surveillance. In the fight against tuberculosis, the populations most at risk of tuberculosis must be given special attention so that disparities can be reduced, and the priorities defined within the framework of the national tuberculosis control program are more relevant than ever. (R.A.)