Introduction: This article provides an overview of tobacco use in metropolitan France following the implementation, in late 2016, of major measures under the National Tobacco Control Program. Methods: The 2017 Health Barometer is a representative random survey of the population aged 18–75 residing in mainland France, conducted by telephone between January and July 2017 among a sample of 25,319 individuals. Results: In 2017, 31.9% of respondents aged 18–75 reported smoking at least occasionally, and 26.9% reported smoking daily. These prevalence rates are down by 3.2 and 2.5 percentage points, respectively, compared to 2016. Daily tobacco use decreased among men aged 18–24 (from 44.2% to 35.3%). It also decreased among men aged 45–54 and women aged 55–64, marking the first declines in these two age groups after continuous increases since 2005. This is the first time since 2000 that the prevalence of daily smoking has decreased among the most disadvantaged smokers: from 38.8% in 2016 to 34.0% in 2017 among those with the lowest incomes, and from 49.7% to 43.5% among the unemployed. Conclusion: The context of tobacco control efforts, marked by intensified regulatory and prevention measures (increased reimbursement for prescribed nicotine replacement therapies, plain packaging, the “Smoke-Free Month” campaign, and the new mobile app “Tabac info service”), has likely contributed to the unprecedented scale of the observed decline in smoking prevalence. These initial encouraging results, particularly among younger adults and the most disadvantaged, provide an incentive to continue the initiatives underway.