Introduction: The 2015 Cancer Barometer survey was conducted one year after the launch of the 2014–2019 National Tobacco Control Program. It provides updated estimates of the prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use. Methods: The data come from a random telephone survey conducted between May and October 2015. The sample included 3,931 individuals aged 15 to 75 residing in metropolitan France. Results: In 2015, 34.6% of the French population smoked, and 28.8% smoked daily. These prevalence rates are significantly higher among men (38.9% and 32.5%, respectively) than among women (30.5% and 25.4%, respectively). None of these indicators differed statistically from those observed in 2014 in the Health Barometer. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was 4.0%, a significant decrease compared to 2014, but daily use remained stable at 3.0%. The proportion of former smokers among vapers was 26%, a significant increase over the course of a year. Conclusion: more than one-third of the metropolitan population aged 15 to 75 still smoked, at least occasionally, in 2015. It is therefore crucial to continue the efforts undertaken in the fight against smoking.