Objectives - This study describes a large-scale anti-smoking campaign conducted in Cyprus from 2004 to 2008 with the aim of reducing children’s exposure to secondhand smoke and preventing its impact on health. Methods - Questionnaires sent out in 2005 were used to assess parents’ knowledge, behaviors, and habits. Based on the results, an intervention program was developed and implemented through 2008. This initiative was evaluated using a pilot study in which nicotine levels were measured in indoor environments and children’s overall exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was estimated based on cotinine levels in their saliva. Results - In 2005, at least one parent was an active smoker in 42% of households, and 72% of smokers smoked inside their homes. Parents were not very knowledgeable about the effects of secondhand smoke on their children and had misconceptions about how to protect them. Measurements of nicotine in indoor air at the end of the intervention (2008) showed a marked improvement in smokers’ habits, as only 41% of smokers continued to smoke at home. Associated measurements of cotinine in children’s saliva showed that 97% of children were exposed to ETS, regardless of whether their parents smoked or not. No significant difference was observed in cotinine levels between the two groups (children of smoking parents vs. children of nonsmoking parents), and no correlation between cotinine levels and nicotine levels found in the family home was identified. Conclusion - This campaign led to an improvement in the behavior of parents who smoke at home; however, children remain significantly exposed to secondhand smoke outside the home. (R.A.)