Long focused solely on illicit substances, the approach to drug control policies has gradually shifted toward the concept of addiction, encompassing not only all substances—both legal and illicit—but also excessive behaviors such as gambling and screen use. Among the French population, tobacco and alcohol use—which carry significant health consequences—are the most widespread. With the exception of cannabis, whose consumption appears particularly high in France, illicit substance use remains relatively limited. However, efforts have long been focused on these substances to counter the injection-related AIDS epidemic, through the development of harm reduction tools such as opioid substitution therapy and needle exchange programs. While continuing this harm reduction policy, public authorities have in recent years strengthened measures related to alcohol and, above all, tobacco. While this policy still seems to lack momentum regarding alcohol, it is, on the other hand, fully in effect concerning tobacco. Measures have indeed been implemented one after another to reduce its visibility (bans on smoking in public places, including so-called social venues) and its accessibility (price increases, bans on sales to minors...), but also to better help smokers quit, leading to a "denormalization" aimed at achieving a tobacco-free generation by 2032. This goal does not seem unrealistic, as the latest prevalence surveys show a decline in smoking in France as well as a halt in the rise of social inequalities regarding smoking, thereby breaking a trend observed since the early 2000s. However, a harm reduction approach to alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis has yet to be developed.