Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is defined by the triad of sudden onset of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. HUS is the leading cause of acute renal failure in children aged 1 month to 3 years. In France, following a study conducted in 1995 in collaboration with members of the Pediatric Nephrology Society, a surveillance system for pediatric HUS was established in 1996. The objectives of the surveillance are to track the spatiotemporal trends of HUS in children under 15 years of age in France, to identify the epidemiological characteristics of cases, to determine the causative agents, and to detect epidemic outbreaks. The main results of this surveillance for the year 2000 are presented in this article, along with trends in the main epidemiological characteristics of pediatric HUS in France since 1993.