Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in children aged 1 month to 3 years. In France, a surveillance system for pediatric HUS was established in 1996. The objectives of the surveillance are to track the spatial and temporal trends of HUS among children under 15 years of age in France, to identify the epidemiological characteristics of cases, to determine the causative agents, and to detect epidemic outbreaks. This article presents the main results of this surveillance for the year 2001, as well as trends in the key epidemiological characteristics of pediatric HUS in France since 1996.