Children are particularly susceptible to lead poisoning. Several environmental sources can contribute to their exposure. Since 1985, the degradation of paints used in homes until 1948 has been identified as a source of exposure that can lead to poisoning in children, which justified the implementation of the first targeted screening programs for childhood lead poisoning in France. In 1999, at the request of public authorities, INSERM conducted a collective expert review to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the public health impact of population exposure to lead. On this occasion, the expert group recommended that screening of children be systematically strengthened in high-risk areas, particularly those identified around industrial sites. With this in mind, the Institut de Veille Sanitaire sought to review the experience gained from several screening programs implemented around French industrial sites and to share the lessons learned with stakeholders responsible for organizing screening of children near industrial sites. These programs have shown that measured blood lead levels are generally higher than in the general population, reflecting the impact of lead emissions linked to industrial activity. However, in some cases, very few children requiring medical care were identified by the program. However, screening for lead poisoning requires a blood draw, which is an invasive procedure, particularly for young children. Furthermore, implementing such a program in a community (village, neighborhood, school) can generate unfounded concerns among the population if it turns out that the screening was not warranted. For this reason, it is essential that its implementation be considered only if lead exposure among the population—and among children in particular—has been estimated at a level such that individual medical interventions are warranted. Consequently, the recommendation for a screening program around an industrial site must be based on a preliminary step aimed at assessing exposures. Analysis of the estimates resulting from this step and the uncertainties associated with them should enable health authorities to better plan any potential screening. In this context, the Institute for Public Health Surveillance has initiated a comprehensive review led by two working groups. Each group was tasked with drafting a methodological guide for decentralized government agencies. An initial document titled "Screening for lead poisoning around industrial sources of lead." "Analysis of the Relevance of Implementing Screening: From Environmental Diagnosis to Exposure Estimation" is therefore intended to provide public health professionals in government agencies with useful information to assess the relevance of establishing a screening program for childhood lead poisoning around industrial sources of lead. The second and present document, entitled "Screening for lead poisoning around industrial sources of lead."