This report describes cases of childhood lead poisoning that occurred in 2006. The data used come from the National Surveillance System for Lead Levels in Children, which relies, on the one hand, on case reports of lead poisoning submitted by the Departmental Directorates of Health and Social Affairs, and, on the other hand, on records kept by poison control centers of every blood lead level test ordered for a child. In 2006, 437 new cases of lead poisoning were recorded by this dual system. There was an improvement in the reporting rate to the InVS between 2005 and 2006: 17% of lead poisoning cases were not reported by the DDASS to the InVS in 2006, compared to 26% in 2005. Cases of lead poisoning were primarily concentrated in the Île-de-France region (56%) and the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region (13%), where screening activities are focused. The primary risk factor leading to the detection of cases was paint in older homes. 89% of children had blood lead levels below 250 μg/L; however, 9 children had blood lead levels above 450 μg/L. (R.A.)