Addressing a topical issue, this report provides an overview of certain environmental problems and the preventive measures implemented to address these risks. It highlights the gap between scientific knowledge regarding certain risks and the public’s understanding of them, illustrating this with examples such as the effects of electromagnetic fields and nuclear energy, and the interrelationship between allergenic pollen and air pollution. The proven link between childhood lead poisoning and living in substandard housing has led to the implementation of a national action plan, for which the Rhône department serves as a pilot, comprising three components: medical, social, and “housing.” Raising public awareness of sources of pollution in indoor environments, developing a public health policy on air quality through inter-institutional collaboration, and strengthening health education initiatives—as the Languedoc-Roussillon Regional Committee is doing— and raising awareness among children—the citizens of tomorrow—through environmental education are actions that require the participation of everyone, from the State to local authorities, and from health and education professionals to the general public.