Lead poisoning in children was rediscovered in France nearly 20 years ago, with lead-based paint—still present in older Parisian homes—identified as the source of the poisoning. In the years that followed, screening programs were organized in several Parisian arrondissements and in a few municipalities in the inner suburbs. Based on this work, a Surveillance System for Childhood Lead Poisoning in the Île-de-France Region (SSSIILF) was created in May 1992, with the aim of bringing together all partners involved in screening activities and/or the care of poisoned children, in order to collect and analyze the results of all blood lead level measurements performed on children in the region. Data from 10 years of childhood lead poisoning surveillance in the Île-de-France region were synthesized by the SSSIILF steering committee, with the assistance of the InVS. They concern 24,526 children who underwent a total of 45,876 screening or follow-up tests. This article presents and discusses the results of the surveillance system.