Introduction - This article presents an overview of lead poisoning screening among children in France during the 2005–2007 period and an analysis of trends over time. Method - The results presented pertain to children aged 0 to 17 who underwent blood lead level testing due to risk factors for lead exposure. The data come from the national surveillance system for blood lead levels in children. This system records all blood lead tests regardless of their results, as well as mandatory reports of lead poisoning cases in children (blood lead levels of 100 μg/L or higher). Results - Approximately 9,000 children in 2005 and 7,500 in 2006 and 2007 underwent an initial blood lead level test. The geographic distribution of lead poisoning screening is highly heterogeneous; activity is mainly concentrated in the Île-de-France region (64%). The geometric mean of blood lead levels at initial screening fell from 59 μg/L in 1995 to 23 μg/L in 2007. The proportion of lead poisoning cases at initial screening was 4.1% over the 2005–2007 period. There were 497 new cases in 2005, 435 in 2006, and 333 in 2007. Approximately one-quarter of the cases detected during initial screening in 2005 did not undergo follow-up blood lead level testing by the end of 2007. Conclusion - Prevention measures implemented since the mid-1980s have helped reduce children’s exposure to lead and the number of new cases. Targeting screened children is effective, as the prevalence in this population is 40 times higher than in the general population. The diagnosis of more than 300 cases in 2007 indicates that individual and collective prevention efforts must be continued. (R.A.)