This article analyzes the shifting dynamics of gender relations in the context of migration through a specific lens: the sexual debut of individuals arriving in France from Sub-Saharan Africa, based on a 2005 survey of 1,874 migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa living in the Île-de-France region. The aim is to highlight the impact of women’s and men’s migration trajectories on their first sexual experiences, as well as any transformations in power dynamics within sexuality following migration. The construction of migration profiles allows for a distinction between the context of socialization during childhood and adolescence and the context in which the first sexual encounter took place. While sociocultural capital always plays a decisive role in the timing of sexual debut, the influence of school and religious socialization differs depending on the context of sexual debut, and in different ways for women and men. Furthermore, for individuals who began their sexual lives before migrating, age gaps between partners as well as the frequency of forced first sexual encounters—particularly for women—reflect particularly unequal relational contexts. Conversely, having migrated during childhood is associated with significantly less unequal conditions of sexual debut, similar to those of people born in France.[author’s abstract]