In the United States and several European countries, including France, there has been an increase in Salmonella Typhimurium infections since the mid-1990s, associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of the DT 104 lysotype. In France, the two predominant serotypes in human and animal health are: the Enteridis serotype, which, after a significant increase observed between 1986 and 1989, is currently stable, and the Typhimurium serotype, which has been on the rise since 1993 and has become the most common serotype. Since the incidence of Salmonella Typhimurium infections is particularly high among children, a case-control study was conducted by the National Public Health Network (RNSP) to identify risk factors for these infections in children in France. This study demonstrated that the consumption of ground beef that is not cooked through constitutes a risk factor for Salmonella Typhimurium infections in children under 15 years of age and highlights the role of person-to-person transmission among children under 5 years of age.