On February 28, 2001, the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance organized a workshop on measles surveillance in France, attended by the key partners involved in the control and surveillance of the disease. Measles could be the next disease to be eradicated through vaccination worldwide, and its elimination in certain countries and regions is well underway. The WHO aims to eliminate measles in Europe by 2007. In France, the estimated incidence has fallen from 100,000 cases in 1993 to 10,000 in 2000 thanks to vaccination, and the current low number of cases no longer allows the Sentinelles Network—a surveillance system comprising a sample of 500 general practitioners—to produce reliable estimates of incidence. Additional surveillance measures, adapted to the rarity of the disease, must be implemented. Initially, surveillance will rely on encouraging reporting, followed by mandatory case reporting once the virus is close to elimination. The case definition used should include two levels: a sensitive definition to detect suspected cases based on clinical signs, and a specific definition based on biological confirmation to track the circulation of the virus. Various confirmation methods are possible, based on saliva or blood samples. The implementation of genetic analysis of circulating strains is also desirable. This surveillance should also enable the rapid identification of a resurgence of the disease. Indeed, the insufficient level of vaccination coverage at 24 months (less than 85%) allows for the accumulation of a large and sufficient number of unimmunized children to enable the periodic occurrence of epidemic outbreaks. For the time being, France is still in the pre-elimination phase, and the gradual implementation of new surveillance measures must be accompanied by an increase in vaccination coverage. (R.A.)