Between January 2008 and May 2012, more than 22,000 cases of measles were reported in France. The highest incidence was observed among children under one year of age, and more than 50% of cases were reported among young adults. Nearly 5,000 patients were hospitalized, including 1,023 with pneumonia and 27 with encephalitis/myelitis; 10 patients died. This situation stems from insufficient and uneven vaccination coverage, leading to the gradual formation of a reservoir of susceptible individuals that allows the virus to circulate. While coverage with two doses of vaccine has increased for children, improving coverage among young adults remains a major goal for eliminating the disease and, in particular, for protecting vulnerable populations who cannot be vaccinated (children under one year of age, immunocompromised patients, and pregnant women). (R.A.)