Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities has been a priority of the National Program for the Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) since the mid-1990s, with healthcare facilities encouraged through national recommendations on prevention and surveillance. Since 2002, the Network for Alert, Investigation, and Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (Raisin) has coordinated national surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from diagnostic specimens in French HCFs. This network-based surveillance is conducted three months per year, and the number of samples is reported relative to the number of hospital days (HD). Trends have been analyzed for participating healthcare facilities each year since 2005. In 2010, 933 healthcare facilities participated in the surveillance, representing a 95% increase compared to 2002. For MRSA, the overall incidence density (ID) was 0.40 per 1,000 HD and varied little across regions. It was higher in short-stay care (0.52) and intensive care (1.14) than in long-term care (0.27). Since 2005, the MRSA ID has decreased overall by 34% and by 55% in intensive care. For EBLSE, the overall ID was 0.39 per 1,000 patient-days, ranging from 0.23 to 0.66 across regions. It was twice as high in short-stay care (0.52) as in long-term care (0.23). Since 2005, the incidence rate of EBLSE has increased by 232%. Across all participating healthcare facilities, the proportion of Escherichia coli among EBLSE increased from 18.5% in 2002 to 59.7% in 2010. The decrease in the incidence rate of MRSA suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the network’s participating facilities. The number of MRSA-related healthcare-associated infections for 2010 is, however, estimated to be between 39,000 and 46,000, including approximately 5,000 cases of bacteremia. In contrast, the incidence rate of EBLSE continues to rise, particularly that of Escherichia coli, and requires the mobilization of all healthcare professionals. (R.A.)