Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities has been a priority of the National Program for the Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections since the mid-1990s, with healthcare facilities encouraged to implement prevention and surveillance measures through national recommendations. Since 2002, Raisin has coordinated a national surveillance program for the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from diagnostic specimens in French HCFs. This network-based surveillance is conducted three months per year, and the number of samples is reported relative to the number of hospital days (HD). Trends have been analyzed for participating healthcare facilities each year since 2004. In 2008, 930 healthcare facilities participated in the surveillance, representing a 95% increase since 2002. For MRSA, the overall incidence density (ID) was 0.45 per 1,000 HD and varied little across regions. It was higher in short-stay units (0.62) and intensive care units (1.72) than in long-term care facilities (0.29). Since 2004, the ID for MRSA has decreased overall by 23% and by 25% in intensive care. For MRSA, the overall ID was 0.37 per 1,000 patient-days, ranging from 0.12 to 0.52 across subregions. It was two and a half times higher in short-stay care (0.39) than in SSR-SLD (0.15). Since 2004, the ID rate for EBLSE has increased by 88%. Across all participating healthcare facilities, the proportion of Escherichia coli among EBLSE increased from 18.5% in 2002 to 58% in 2008. The decrease in the incidence of MRSA suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the network’s participating departments. The number of MRSA-related healthcare-associated infections in 2008 is, however, estimated to be between 35,000 and 57,000, including 3,000 to 5,000 cases of bacteremia. Finally, the increase in the incidence of EBLSE, particularly E. coli, is now a major cause for concern. (R.A.)