Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities is a priority of the national program to combat healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Since 2002, Raisin has coordinated surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from diagnostic specimens in French healthcare facilities. In 2007, 755 healthcare facilities participated in the surveillance program, representing a 58% increase since 2002. For MRSA, the overall incidence rate (IR) was 0.48 per 1,000 patient-days and varied little across regions. It was higher in short-stay units (0.65) and intensive care units (1.68) than in long-term care units (0.31). Since 2002, the MRSA ID has decreased by 24% overall and by 33% in intensive care units. For EBLSE, the overall ID was 0.22 per 1,000 patient-days, ranging from 0.10 to 0.47 across regions. It was three times higher in short-stay care (0.31) than in long-term care (0.12). Since 2002, the incidence rate of EBLSE has increased by 69%, and the proportion of Escherichia coli among EBLSE has risen from 19% to 49%. The decrease in the incidence of MRSA suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the departments participating in the network. The annual number of MRSA-related healthcare-associated infections is, however, estimated at between 52,000 and 63,000, including 5,000 to 6,000 bacteremias. Finally, the increase in the incidence of EBLSE, particularly E. coli, remains a cause for concern. (R.A.)