Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities is a priority of the national program to combat healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Since 2002, Raisin has coordinated surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from diagnostic specimens in French HCFs. In 2006, 675 HCFs participated in the surveillance program, representing a 41% increase since 2002. For MRSA, the overall incidence rate (IR) was 0.55 per 1,000 patient-days and varied little across regions. It was higher in short-stay units (0.65) and intensive care units (1.91) than in long-term care facilities (0.37). Since 2002, the MRSA ID has decreased by 13% overall and by 24% in intensive care units. For EBLSE, the overall IDR was 0.17 per 1,000 patient-days, ranging from 0.08 to 0.32 across regions. It was twice as high in short-stay care (0.20) as in long-term care (0.11). Since 2002, the incidence rate of EBLSE has increased by 30%, and the proportion of Escherichia coli among EBLSE has risen from 18% to 43%. The decrease in the incidence of MRSA suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the departments participating in the network. The annual number of MRSA-related healthcare-associated infections is, however, estimated to be between 58,000 and 71,000, including approximately 5,000 bacteremias. Finally, the increase in the incidence of EBLSE, particularly E. coli, remains a cause for concern. (R.A.)