Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities is a priority of the national program to combat healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Since 2002, Raisin has coordinated surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from diagnostic specimens in French HCFs. In 2005, 589 HC participated in the surveillance program, representing a 23% increase since 2002. For MRSA, the overall incidence rate (IR) was 0.58 per 1,000 patient-days (PD) and varied little across regions. It was higher in short-stay units (0.70) and intensive care units (2.24) than in follow-up care and rehabilitation—long-term care (SSR-SLD) units (0.39). Since 2002, the MRSA ID has decreased by 8% overall and by 11% in intensive care units. For EBLSE, the overall ID was 0.16 per 1,000 patient-days, ranging from 0.05 to 0.33 across subregions. It was twice as high in short-stay care (0.20) as in SSR-SLD (0.11). Since 2002, the incidence rate of EBLSE has increased by 23%. The proportion of Escherichia coli among EBLSE cases has doubled. The decrease in MRSA incidence suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the departments participating in the network. The annual number of MRSA-related healthcare-associated infections is, however, estimated to be between 61,000 and 71,000, including 5,000 cases of bacteremia. Finally, the increase in the incidence of EBLSE, particularly E. coli, remains a cause for concern. (R.A.)