Antibiotics have helped reduce mortality from infectious diseases, but their uncontrolled use contributes to the spread of resistant bacteria that are increasingly difficult to treat, in both human and animal health. In France, the Burden-BMR study conducted by Santé Publique France estimated the impact of multidrug-resistant bacteria in 2012 at approximately 158,000 infections and 12,000 deaths. Thus, the fight against antibiotic resistance is now a major global public health issue: In 2015, the WHO adopted a Global Action Plan to combat antimicrobial resistance, and on September 21 of this year, at the United Nations General Assembly, heads of state committed to implementing the action plan to address the root causes of antimicrobial resistance across several sectors, particularly human health, animal health, and agriculture. European Antibiotic Awareness Day on November 18, 2016—part of World Antibiotic Awareness Week (November 20–24, 2016)—is an opportunity to mobilize all stakeholders. Citizens, patients, human and animal health professionals, and policymakers all have a role to play in strengthening the fight against antibiotic resistance... To better understand the challenges and evaluate the actions taken in France over the past several years, the collection and dissemination of statistical data that shed light on the current situation and its evolution over time are essential. With these objectives in mind, three national agencies—Santé publique France, the National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), and the National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)—have joined forces to jointly present key figures on antibiotic consumption and resistance in human and animal health over the past 10 years (2005–2015), within the “One Health” framework promoted by the World Health Organization.