Antibiotic-resistant bacteria—and the genes they carry—know no borders and spread easily among humans, animals, and the environment. As a result, national and international bodies are calling for the implementation of a "One Health" approach in the fight against antibiotic resistance. This involves, in particular, integrating and aligning surveillance data from the three sectors. A mapping study has shown that the French surveillance system is complex and fragmented, which hinders data sharing. To move toward “One Health” surveillance, several initiatives have recently emerged in France, Europe, and internationally to facilitate the sharing and joint analysis of data—including genomic data—and to strengthen environmental surveillance. This work will contribute to a better understanding of the spread of resistance across sectors and thus support the implementation of appropriate control measures.