Introduction - Analysis of surveillance data allows us to describe the epidemiology of gonococcal infections in France in terms of trends over time between 1996 and 2009, and to describe the characteristics of patients and gonococcal strains in 2009. Methods - Laboratories voluntarily participating in the Rénago network send isolated strains to the National Reference Center (NRC) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, accompanied by an epidemiological information form for each patient. The NRC tests the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to six antibiotics. The average number of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates per year per active laboratory (Ng/lab/year) allows for monitoring trends in gonococcal infections. Since 2004, the RésIST network of clinicians has been sending questionnaires to the InVS containing documented clinical, therapeutic, and behavioral data for each patient. Results - Ng/lab/year has increased significantly (+52%) between 2008 (4.16 Ng/lab) and 2009 (6.32 Ng/lab), for both sexes and across all regions. In 2009, the number of isolated gonococci remained higher among men (5.5 Ng/lab vs. 0.78 Ng/lab among women) and in Île-de-France (16.0 Ng/lab vs. 4.5 Ng/lab in other regions). The number of reported cases among men who have sex with men (63%) remains higher than the number of reported cases among heterosexuals (38%). The proportion of strains with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone increased by 8.7% in 2007–2009, and by 8% in 2008–2009 for cefixime. Conclusion - Analysis of data on gonococcal infections confirms their rise among men and women regardless of sexual orientation, justifying continued vigilance. These trends reflect the rise in risky sexual behaviors. This finding suggests an increase in the transmission of more serious STIs, particularly HIV and hepatitis B, among populations least aware of the need for protection. In this context, the emergence of cephalosporin-resistant strains in France—the last line of defense for monotherapy—should serve as a warning of the need to strengthen information regarding best practices for the probabilistic management of these infections. (R.A.)