Introduction - In France, surveillance data on gonococcal infections make it possible to track trends over time from 1986 to 2006 and to describe the characteristics of patients and gonococcal strains in 2006. Methods - Laboratories voluntarily participating in the Renago network send isolated strains to the National Reference Center (CNR) for gonococci and an epidemiological form for each patient to the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS). The average number of gonococci isolated per year per active laboratory (Ng/lab/year) allows for monitoring the evolution of gonococcal infections. The NRC tests the susceptibility of gonococci to six antibiotics. Since 2004, clinicians from six pilot centers have been sending questionnaires to the InVS containing clinical and behavioral data for each patient. Results - In 2006, the Ng/lab continued to rise sharply (+50%) compared to 2005, reaching 3.75 Ng/lab. This trend was particularly pronounced among women (+264%) and in rural areas (+94%). Gonococci of male origin remained the majority (84%), and the proportion of anal strains (12%) increased by 2%. The rise in resistance to ciprofloxacin (43%) continued (+12%). Conclusion - The persistent rise in gonococcal infections is part of a general resurgence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). All indicators are clearly on the rise, including resistance to ciprofloxacin, which is causing treatment failures. Monitoring antibiotic resistance is a priority to enable the adaptation of treatments and reduce the spread of resistant strains.