EuroTB is a tuberculosis surveillance network that has covered the WHO European Region since 1996. Its goal is to enhance the contribution of surveillance to tuberculosis control, based on harmonized methods that allow for comparisons among the 52 countries. Standardized data on reported cases are provided annually by national surveillance institutions. In the enlarged European Union (EU), case notification rates (14 per 100,000 in 2002) are declining but remain stable in some countries, including France and the United Kingdom, where cases originating from high-incidence areas are increasing (30% in 2002). Multidrug resistance (MDR) is much more common in the Baltic countries (21% in 2002) than in other countries (1.7%; range: 0–3.7%). Among new pulmonary cases (2001), 74% completed treatment within 12 months, 3% are continuing treatment, 15% have discontinued treatment or are lost to follow-up, and 7% have died. In the Balkans and Turkey, reporting rates range from 20 to 62 per 100,000 and are declining or stable, with the exception of Romania (153 per 100,000 in 2002). In the East (former Soviet Union), limited data show rising case rates (97 per 100,000 in 2002), a high prevalence of primary MDR (14% in Kazakhstan), and frequent treatment failures (11% of new cases). At the time of EU enlargement, European tuberculosis surveillance must cover the WHO European Region, and its priority must be to strengthen tuberculosis control in the East.