Indigenous malaria has long been prevalent in Corsica, but no cases have been reported since 1973. In 1996, the Institute for Research and Development highlighted the persistence of a malaria-transmitting potential for Plasmodium vivax, raising concerns about a reintroduction of malaria due to the existence of imported malaria cases linked to travel to endemic areas. Following a referral by the prefect, a study was conducted to describe data from the national surveillance system, estimate the number of malaria cases using other information sources (PMSI, testing laboratories, antimalarial drugs), and compare these data. According to our study, the current surveillance system does not detect all cases. The PMSI allows for the identification of the largest number of cases, but there are significant delays and the information is imprecise. Laboratories constitute the most reliable source but require a specific study, which is not feasible within a surveillance framework. Given the low number of Plasmodium vivax cases recorded (3 cases in four years when combining all sources), the risk of malaria re-emergence in Corsica appears minimal. Therefore, it does not appear necessary to modify the current surveillance system, but rather to regularly re-engage CNREPIA correspondents and strengthen travel advisories for endemic areas. (R.A.)