On June 15, 2010, the town of Draguignan was hit by heavy rainfall, causing flooding and mudslides. A facility housing elderly residents had to carry out an emergency evacuation and relocate 140 residents to other care facilities in the region. Health authorities raised concerns about the health impact of this emergency relocation on these particularly vulnerable populations. A prospective cohort study was conducted through two assessments of the residents’ health status: before the floods and 5 months later, upon their return to the facility. Monthly mortality data recorded at the facility in 2010 were compared with data from 2006 to 2009 at the same facility, and with 2010 data from two other facilities in the disaster-stricken area that had not evacuated their residents. The number of deaths recorded in the month following the floods was three times higher than the average number of deaths expected over the study period and still twice as high during the second month. This excess mortality was not observed in the two other facilities studied in the disaster-stricken area. Those who died were predominantly men, elderly, dependent, and residents of medical care units. These results suggest that, despite the precautions taken by emergency response teams, the emergency relocation of older adults—which is unavoidable in this context—can have serious consequences. Whenever possible, the need for relocation must be discussed, prepared in advance, and followed by specific support for the most vulnerable individuals. (R.A)