Objective - The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of identifying children at risk of lead poisoning using a simple decision-making tool during maternal and child health (MCH) consultations or during routine health screenings in preschool, and to evaluate the relevance of the selected screening criteria. Methods - From April 21 to July 2, 2008, children at risk of lead poisoning aged 1 to 6 years were identified during PMI consultations or during health screenings at preschool, using a pre-established form based on environmental and clinical criteria. The children identified in this way were referred for screening (a blood lead level test) and managed according to national guidelines. Risk factors were analyzed in the screening forms collected. Results - A total of 6,125 forms were collected; 347 children were referred, of whom 185 underwent screening (blood lead level test): 134 children had a negative blood lead level result, 44 were exposed (blood lead level between 30 and 99 μg/L), and 7 were poisoned (blood lead level = 100 μg/L). The main risk factors identified were: pica behavior, housing built before 1949—whether dilapidated, renovated, or not—and the young age of the children (half were between 1 and 2 years old). While the criterion of older housing did indeed highlight expected high-risk areas, poisoning requires other factors: pica, young age, sociocultural habits, and precarious living conditions. Thus, older housing remains the predominant factor in identifying children with lead exposure, but poisoning remains multifactorial. All poisoned children were identified during PMI consultations; six were under 3 years old, and all were under 5 years old. Among the children with lead exposure, 77% were also identified during PMI consultations. Discussion-Conclusion - This study highlights the relevance of the screening form and the criteria used, the predominance of young age, and the importance of effective stakeholders. Simplifying procedures could increase the number of lead level tests performed after identification. This simple tool, usable by all field workers, could optimize targeted screening. (R.A.)