Imported malaria cases in Réunion have been steadily declining since 2001 and are primarily attributable to tourism in the surrounding region (the Union of the Comoros and Madagascar). As the flow of travelers from endemic areas has continued to increase, this decline can be explained by the overall decrease in malaria transmission in the islands of the southern Indian Ocean, but potentially also by improved prophylaxis practices among travelers. Given the low number of gametocyte carriers and the near-total absence of anopheline populations during imported cases in 2013–2014, the risk of imported and indigenous cases emerging was low for those two years.Nevertheless, analysis of surveys of individuals who experienced a malaria episode in 2013–2014 does not support this conclusion and highlights, in most cases, a complete lack of chemoprophylaxis or poor adherence, a lack of pre-travel medical consultation or inadequate medical consultation resulting in no prescription of chemoprophylaxis (3 cases) or prophylaxis unsuited to the P. falciparum resistance profile in the subregion (8 cases). The failure to take chemoprophylaxis, poor adherence, or the use of inappropriate chemoprophylaxis account for the majority of cases.