The working population of the Toulouse metropolitan area was particularly affected by the explosion at the "AZF" factory due to the large number of businesses destroyed. Following a cross-sectional survey of this population, a cohort of workers (the "AZF" health cohort) was established. The objective is to describe the health and socio-occupational consequences of the explosion over a five-year period. The results presented here pertain to the follow-up year May 2005–April 2006 (Year T3). They follow the cross-sectional survey (Year T0), cohort enrollment (Year T1), and the follow-up year May 2004–April 2005 (Year T2). In total, 2,166 workers (1,015 men and 1,151 women) responded to the annual T3 self-administered questionnaire. The mental health assessment using the GHQ-28 revealed psychological distress reported by 40% of men and 54% of women. These prevalence rates are stable compared to the last survey conducted using the GHQ28 (Year T1). They are higher among artisans, merchants, and business owners (44% among men and 69% among women), employees (49% and 62%), and manual laborers (47% and 76%). Regarding reported hearing disorders, the results highlight the prevalence of tinnitus (32% and 28%) and hyperacusis (29% and 37%); these proportions remain stable compared to those recorded during the T2 follow-up year. The "AZF" health cohort is scheduled for a five-year follow-up period. Psychological distress and hearing disorders indicate the persistence of mental and hearing health impairments in the cohort at year T3, that is, five years after the factory explosion. Their progression can only be assessed at the end of the longitudinal follow-up. (R.A.)