On September 8, 2011, in Viviez (Aveyron), the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance released the final results of an assessment of the health impacts of residents’ exposure to lead, cadmium, and arsenic. The municipality’s soil is contaminated with lead, cadmium, and arsenic as a result of 150 years of industrial activity. The study conducted in 2008 by the regional branch of the InVS (Interregional Epidemiology Unit) in collaboration with the Regional Health Agency of the Midi-Pyrénées region (formerly the Aveyron DDASS) aimed to measure the health impact on the population exposed to these pollutants. Among adults in this municipality who have never been exposed to this pollutant in the course of their work, 22% have cadmium levels exceeding 1 "g/g of creatinine, which is considered excessive exposure and carries a risk of kidney damage. Among these individuals with excessive cadmium exposure, 19 cases of kidney disease were detected in Viviez and none in Montbazens (a nearby municipality not exposed to the pollutants). Consumption of local products (fruits, vegetables, eggs, poultry, and rabbits) and exposure to dust from contaminated soil could be the cause of this excessive exposure. However, no cases of lead poisoning were detected in Viviez. Environmental exposure to arsenic also did not raise any health concerns. In light of these results, the InVS outlined the main measures that could be taken to reduce these exposures and limit their impact on residents’ health: soil treatment in private gardens and public spaces within the municipality; and medical monitoring of the population of Viviez, including cadmium testing and medical care for residents who require it. (R.A)