In October 2018, severe flooding that could leach pollutants from the soil at former mining sites in the Orbiel Valley reignited residents’ concerns. The Occitanie Regional Health Agency (ARS) referred the matter to Santé publique France regarding the appropriateness of conducting new health studies (referral 19-A-00180 dated May 10, 2019). Santé publique France provided an initial response to this referral in November 2019 in the form of a memorandum that outlined several proposals to guide management measures. Subsequently, and in line with this initial memorandum, Santé publique France conducted two studies: a sociological study of the local context and a mortality study, the results of which were published in 2023 and 2024. The Santé publique France Regional Unit in Occitanie requested the Health-Environment-Work Expert Committee (CE SET) of Santé publique France on July 6, 2023, to formulate recommendations based on the history of the situation in the Orbiel Valley, available knowledge, and the results of the latest studies. The CE SET’s conclusions and recommendations were unanimously approved by its members on April 4, 2025. Santé publique France endorses the CE SET’s conclusions and its recommendation to implement an intervention study, co-designed by researchers, elected officials, and residents, to assess the effects of environmental management actions on residents’ health and their perception of their living environment. Santé publique France may assist, in support of the ARS and at its request, with the quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of this intervention, according to terms to be defined based on the specific intervention implemented.